The Anatomy
General borders-
· Upper border – second rib
· Lower border – sixth rib
· Medial border – lateral border of the sternum
· Lateral border – anterior axillary line
Actual borders –
o Upper border – clavicle
o Lower border – seventh or eighth rib
o Medial border – midline
o Lateral border – edge of latissimus dorsi
Important parts of the breasts
· Breast lobe
· Ductile
· Lactiferous duct and ampulla
· Areola
· Cooper ligament
· Axillary tail
· Lobule – structural unit of the mammary gland
1. Lobule à Ductules à lactiferous duct à terminal papilla
· Ligaments of Cooper
o Apices are attached to the superficial facial
o Account for the dimpling of skin overlying carcinoma
· Areola
o Contain involuntary muscles
o Epithelium contains sweat glands and sebaceous glands
o Sebaceous glands enlarge during lactation. Then it is called “Montgomary tubercle”
· Nipple
o An erectile structure pointing upwards
· Lymphatics
o To axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes
o Axillary lymph nodes have six groups
1. Lateral – along the axillary vein
2. Anterior – along lateral thoracic vessels
3. Posterior – along the sub capsular vessels
4. Central
5. Interpectoral
6. Apical à Supraclavicular nodes à Subclavian lymph trunk à Thoracic duct or Jugular trunk
· Sentinel node is the first node draining the tumour bearing area of the breast
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