There are several investigations that can confirm bladder carcinoma. urine cytology stays at the top of the list. It is a cery sensitive test to detect carcinoma insitu and high grade transitional cell carcinoma, but it is not sensitive for low grade transitional cell carcinoma.
It is performed in clean catch urine. You should first clean the external genitalia with soap (not with an aniseptic solution). Then you should start pass urine. About 80-100 ml of urine should be collected fron the middle of the urine stream (midstream urine). Then the sample is sent to the laboratory. If there is any delay in transporting the urine sample to the laboratory, it should be stored in a refrigerator.
The malignant cells can be identified from this urine sample. This test is not recommended for screening purposes, but if it becomes positive , it is a strong marker of bladder carcinoma.
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