Types of canker sores

Canker sores, also known as aphthus ulcers are a type of ulcers that occur in the gutters of the mouth tongue or cheeks. Even though small, they can cause extreme discomfort during talking and eating. Sores usually develop as a result of trauma to the skin, but canker sores can develop as a result of nutrient deficiency and stressful lifestyle. Scientists have found out that certain kinds of foods can also cause canker sores. These ulcers are usually small, oval shaped, shallow and painful. There are two types of canker sores. They are simple canker sores and complex canker sores. Complex canker sores are also known as periadenitis mucosa necrotica.

Simple canker sores usually appear three or four times a year. They initially present as an areas of tenderness. Then they gradually turn in to small red papules. These red papules then quickly turn in to ulcers. The ulcer measures about 2-5 mm. They are usually grey in colour and have a red areola. These ulcers usually present in groups of 2-5 tiny sores. Therefore, they are called herpetiform aphthae. They usually heal within a week or two.

The sites of the complex canker ulcers are the same as simple canker ulcers, but they are more common in the back of the mouth. The sequence of development of the ulcer is also identical to that of simple canker sores. These two types of ulcers differ from each other according to the size of the ulcer and the frequency of presentation. Major canker sores are considered to be larger than 1 cm in size. People who present with complex canker sores commonly have a previous history of similar attack. Complex canker sores can be extremely uncomfortable due to their larger size and the site. Unfortunately these ulcers can persist up to one month. Behcet’s disease can cause confusion in patients with complex canker sores.

Differentiation of two types of canker sores requires thorough examination of the ulcer. Investigations are usually not required because their presentation and the appearance are diagnostic. Even though these ulcers are benign, they can interfere with the day to day activities. Therefore, it is better to prevent these ulcers. Simple measures such as minimizing the trauma during tooth brushing and avoiding stress can be taken to prevent these sores. Application of topical corticosteroid gel at the early stages of the ulcers minimizes the life span of the ulcers.